Evaluating the Randomness of Digit Sequences via Statistical Tests

Authors

  • Sanjana Prasanth Redondo Union High School Author

Keywords:

random digits, number π (pi), chi-squared test, permutation test, gap test

Abstract

This study applies three statistical tests, the chi-squared test,
the permutation test, and the gap test, to assess whether the
first 15 million digits of the number π (pi) exhibit randomness.
Groups of one through five digits are examined. 

Downloads

Published

2025-11-30

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 4 (2025): Intelligence Planet Journal of Mathematics and Its Applications

Section

Original Research

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Sanjana Prasanth (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.